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举报南京大学生命学院院长华子春学术不端
方先生您好！
我们反映南京大学生命学院院长、长江、杰青、 国家科技进步奖获得者、
国重主任华子春长期存在学术不端问题。 附件是我们发现的第一批四组共9篇文
章。
1. 2000-C和2000-E两篇文章皆为英文稿， 分布发表于南京大学学报和
Protein Expression and Purification。华教授是通讯作者。 南京大学学报的
内容系于后者的文字上做了删掉，无文字改写。 例如：
前者的第一、二段：
Human cardiac-specific homeobox protein (hCsx2 or Nkx2.5) encodes
a homeobox transcription factor of 323 amino acids containing six
cysteines and is composed of three domains: the TN-domain, the
homeobox- domain, and the NK2 box (1). hCsx is expressed in heart in a
tissue-restricted manner throughout development and adult life.
Targeted disruption of a murine homolog causes early embryonic
lethality (2), with cardiac development arrested at the linear heart
tube stage, prior to looping. Recently, three mutations in hCsx were
found to cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease (3). How
those mutations influence the structure of hCsx and subsequently its
function still remains unknown. Our laboratory is interested in the
analysis of the structure-function relationship of hCsx. Production of
large amounts of hCsx in E. coli in soluble form is the preliminary
step for our studies.
In this paper, we report the expression and purification of hCsx
in the thioredoxin (Trx) fusion protein form in E. coli. And We also
examined the influence of molecular chaperone E. coli GroES/EL and
human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI) on the solubility of the
fusion protein. Co-expression of human PDI can obviously increase the
solubility of recombinant Trx-Csx fusion protein.
后者的引言部分：
Human cardiac-specific homeobox protein (hCsx2 or Nkx2.5) encodes
a homeobox transcription factor of 323 amino acids containing six
cysteines and is composed of three domains: the TN domain, the
homeobox domain, and the NK2 box (1). hCsx is expressed in heart in a
tissue-restricted manner throughout development and adult life.
Targeted disruption of a murine homolog causes early embryonic
lethality (2), with cardiac development arrested at the linear heart
tube stage, prior to looping. Recently, three mutations in hCsx were
found to cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease (3). How
those mutations influence the structure of hCsx and subsequently its
function still remains unknown. Our laboratory is interested in the
analysis of the structure-function relationship of hCsx. Production of
large amounts of hCsx in E. coli in soluble form is the preliminary
step for our studies.
In this paper, we report the expression and purification of hCsx
in the thioredoxin (Trx) fusion protein form in E. coli. We also
examine the influence of molecular chaperone E. coli GroES/EL and
human protein disulfide isomerase (hPDI) on the solubility of the
fusion protein. Coexpression of hPDI can obviously increase the
solubility of recombinant Trx-Csx fusion protein.
仅于划线处有差异。
而在去掉后面一篇文章的材料方法部分后，两篇文章继续一致。
2. 2001-C和2001-E为一篇中文、一篇英文。 中文依旧是发表于南京大学学
报， 英文发表在Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology。 与前面两篇
文章是国外刊物略早于南京大学学报不同，这两篇文章是先于2000年发表于南京
大学学报， 然后在第二年发表于国外。华教授是通讯作者。
两篇文章是翻译关系。如中文的引言：
自从1964 年以来Miranda 等人[ 1] 报道Androtonus aust ralis 和Buthus
occitanu 中的神经毒素, 蝎毒中一些神经毒素尤其是哺乳动物毒素和昆虫毒素
已被广泛研究. 从新鲜蝎毒中制备和纯化天然神经毒素困难重重, 1988 年
Carbonell 等人[ 2] 首次由Buthus eupeus 蝎中昆虫神经毒素氨基酸序列推导
并化学合成其基因序列, 且在杆状病毒载体中得到表达, 自此人们广泛试验将各
种属的系列蝎毒素基因重组到大肠杆菌、 酵母、杆状病毒、植物等表达载体进
行表达.在中国, 蝎子及其组织或抽提物被广泛用于中风、癫痫、惊厥、 面瘫及
偏瘫等疾病的治疗已逾数千年, 近15 年来, 对中国东亚钳蝎(B uthus
martensii Karsch , Bmk)的研究也广泛开展, 研究内容包括其一级[ 4] 、高级
结构, cDNA 、基因组基因、生理和生物活性[ 3] 以及药理作用和机理[ 4 , 5] .
本文报道了一种新发现的抗神经兴奋肽(anti- neuroexcitation peptide ,ANEP
,Genbank 号:AF122003) 在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化及其在小鼠试验模型中的生
物活性.
英文的引言：
Numerous neurotoxins from scorpions, especially the mammalian
toxins and insect toxins, have been widely studied since the pioneer
researches on neurotoxins from Androtonus australis and Buthus
occitanus reported by Miranda and co-authors in 1964.1,2 To circumvent
the difficulties of preparation of pure native neurotoxins from fresh
scorpion venom, Carbonell et al. chemically synthesized the gene
encoding an insect-specific neurotoxin from scorpion Buthus eupeus and
expressed it by using baculovirus expression vector.3 Since then,
attempts to obtain recombinant scorpion toxins have been made in
various expression systems, including E. coli, yeast, baculovirus, and
plants.3-6
In China, scorpions and their tissues or extract have been
extensively used for treatment of apoplexy, epilepsy, convulsion,
facial paralysis, hemiplegia, etc. in traditional Chinese medicine for
thousands of years. Neurotoxins of the scorpion Buthus martensii
Karsch (Bmk), a representative species in China and east Asia, have
been widely studied in the recent fifteen years,7-9 including studies
on their primary10-12 and three-dimensional structures,13 their cDNA
and genomic genes,14,15 their physiological and biological
functions,10 and their pharmaceutical properties.16-20 In the present
study, we report the expression and purification of a newly discovered
anti-neuroexcitation peptide (ANEP) in E. coli, and its biological
activity in mouse model.
与前面两篇一样，南京大学学报发表一个简版，删去了很多内容。 但是无
文字改写。中英文存在逐句对映翻译关系。
3. 2002-1是英文，发表于南京医科大学学报。2002- 2和2002-3是中文，
发表于中华内分泌代谢杂志和中华流行病学杂志，这三篇文章“数据共享”。
其中2002-2中的表1的3行数据是2002- 1英文文章的Table 2的第2、3、4列，
横排改竖排。
而2002-2中的结果“D20S501 位点等位基因的杂合度分别为0.786、0.629、0.
790, 多态信息含量分别为0.777、0.561 、0 .785。3 个STR 标记的基因型分布
经检验符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡。”，在2002-1中是“The values of
heterozygosity are 0.7856, 0.6288 and 0.7904, respectively. The values
of polymorphic information content (PIC) are 0.7773, 0.5606 and 0.7854 ,
respectively. No significant deviations from Hardy -Weinberg
equilibrium were found in the genotype distribution of the three
STRs.”。很聪明地多加了一位有效数字。
有趣的是，虽然两篇文章的结论数据一样， 但在材料方法中所使用的引物
序列却只有D11S916的两条在两篇文章中是一致的。
2001-3文章中的结果第一段“:1(135 bp)、2(137 bp)、3(139 bp)、4(141
bp)、5(143 bp)、6(145 bp)、7(147 bp)、8(149 bp), 共18种基因型。HSL 基
因7 种等位基因片段:3(232bp)、4(234 bp)、5(236 bp)、6(238 bp)、7(240
bp)、8(242 bp)、9(244 bp), 共15 种基因型。PTP-1B 基因8 种等位基因片
段:1(177 bp)、2(179 bp)、3(181bp)、4 (183 bp)、5 (185 bp)、6 (187 bp)、
7 (189bp)、8(191 bp), 共19 种基因型。3 个基因的基因型分布均符合
Hardy-Weinberg 平衡定律。”是2002-1文章Table 1的第一和第二列数据。
2002- 3表2的数据与英文版2002-1文章中的Table 3完全一致。
4. 2005-C为中文，发表在中华血液学杂志，英文的2005- E发表在中国临床
康复。其中2005- E的Table1数据与2005-C表1一致。 前者的Table2与后者的表3
一致。 依旧聪明地在有效数字上有所不同。
然而，在英文文章数据完全包含在中文文章之内的情况下，两篇文章的作者
姓名和排序却发生了变化，连第一作者也不同了。这很神奇。
这可能只是冰山一角而已。
(XYS20181002)
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