q******g 发帖数: 3858 | 1 我是一个为了追求人道主义而抗争的人,并不是一个没有生命的典范模型。——沙米拉
有“曼尼普尔铁娘子”之称的印度人权活动家伊罗姆·沙米拉因目睹印度军队杀人
而进行绝食抗议一项名为《武装部队特别权力法》的法律长达11年之久,还发誓将继续
抗议下去。
39岁的她身体消瘦,官方数次逮捕她并用胃管强制她进食。如今她生活中出现了求
爱者,她和一名男子订了婚。梦想着过上正常人夫妻恩爱的生活,却被支持者当成“象
征符号”的沙米拉承受着巨大的压力。她要坚持抗争,也要爱情。但很多反对者指责说
没有抗争的胜利,哪来爱情的享受?
编译/本报记者张振 梁美兰
一直想和女儿坐下来吃顿便饭
沙米拉绝食已经长达11年之久,为反对印度现行的一项《武装部队特别权力法》,
她抗议这项法案允许印度安全部队在没有授权的情况下,自由射杀目标或逮捕任何人。
在沙米拉开始绝食的11周年纪念日,11月5日,到来之际,她的母亲,78岁的莎克伊·
黛薇接受了《洛杉矶时报》的采访。她手拿女儿的相册说道:“我在等她回家。”
这位母亲很少去看望她的女儿——世界上坚持时间最长的绝食抗议人士,“看到她
因绝食而消瘦的样子,我很心疼。”
“我一个劲地哭。虽然我们离得很近,但距离似乎又那么远。我希望她能来看下我
,我们可以一起吃个饭。”
沙米拉目前虚弱地躺在曼尼普尔邦一所医院的病床上,受到警方的守卫。当地政府
通过她的鼻孔强行导入流食以维持性命。她被控自杀未遂,该项罪名最高处一年监禁,
但沙米拉每年获自由后坚定地拒绝放弃绝食抗议,旋即又被警方逮捕,送回医院。
每过15天,法官都会问沙米拉是否愿意主动进食。她的回答总是“不!”已经重复
了200多次。她表示,那项纵容军方侵犯人权的法案不被撤销,她坚决不停止行动。
《武装部队特别权力法》是印度的一项国家法案。1958年通过,1980年在沙米拉所
在的曼尼普尔地区实施。虽然官方表示该法只是一项短期法案,它至今还在执行。
改法案允许驻扎该地区的军队对任何可疑人员采取先发制人的手段。但实际上,这
项法律已被滥用,武装部队任意拘留,胡乱开枪造成无数无辜平民死亡,士兵可以不为
此负责。
沙米拉并不是唯一要求政府废除《特别武装力量法》的人。2004年,一群老年妇女
在曼尼普尔军事总部门前裸体抗议,抗议印度士兵强奸和谋杀女子。
国际人权组织“大赦国际”称,这部法律是印度民主的污点,违反了国际人权法。
未婚夫强大的女人可以同时拥有家庭和自由
沙米拉因为这场斗争成为了印度反抗政府的标志性人物。而她最近的一次举动,让
曼尼普尔当局更为恼火:沙米拉接受了只有一面之缘的男子的求婚。
对象是48岁的德斯蒙德·库迪尼奥,一名四处游历的作家。他出生于东非,生活于
印度西部。2009年,在书上读到关于沙米拉的故事后,他写了封信给她。两人开始交往
。最终,他向沙米拉求婚,她答应了。2月份,他来到曼普尔见沙米拉。在3月9日一次
庭审上,他们第一次单独会面。那时,他们订婚已有几个月。
“我们互相深爱着对方。”他在一家名为“南方通讯”的博客上写道。
但有谣言说库迪尼奥其实是政府间谍,利用他和沙米拉的关系给她洗脑,动摇她的
抗争。
当地人权活动人士巴布鲁说,在去伦敦的路上,他遇到了曼尼普尔一个学生组织,
意外得知库迪尼奥没有财产,没有固定地址,也没有固定收入。
“在她面前,他装成一个能盖得起清修所的百万富翁,但是我们知道,他什么也不
是。”他说,“他并不是要娶一个普通家庭的女子,而是一个象征。他想在沙米拉和政
府之间插一脚。”
对这些质疑,库迪尼奥指责沙米拉的一些支持者很腐败居然想杀死沙米拉。但他坚
称他的恼怒是为了保护一个高尚的女人,她被可疑的好心人所包围。他在一封邮件中写
道,强大的女人可以同时拥有家庭和自由。沙米拉自己就是运动,而不是围绕在她周围
的非政府组织。
“我很感激那些依靠她存在的非政府组织,但他们从未帮她说过一句话。”他写道。
有人也表示沙米拉的核心支持者把抗争集团的利益放置在她本人的私人利益之上了。
曼普尔邦“女性枪击幸存者组织”的主办者比那拉克什米·涅普兰说:“他们很害
怕失去沙米拉这个标志人物。”
“但她完全有权利结婚,穿上漂亮的曼尼普尔婚纱。”涅普兰说。
两边的积怨继续着,沙米拉夹在中间,感情被拉扯着。
在与记者的一次短暂会面时,沙米拉泪流满面,浸湿了从耳后延伸到鼻孔里的塑料
导食管。她说:“我是正常人。完成了使命,我想过上普通人的生活。”
从沙米拉的语言和文字中,记者感受到这位消瘦憔悴的女性正为在使命与爱情之间
寻找平衡而进行强烈的心理斗争。
“没有爱情的生活不能称为社会人的生活,”她说,“我是一个为了追求人道主义
而抗争的人,并不是没有生命的典范模型。”
在拥有9个孩子的家庭里,沙米拉是最小的女儿。没有人想到她会变成这么强硬的
抗议者。亲戚们回忆,这个内向的女子在家庭矛盾出现时安静地躲在一边。
不过也有迹象显示这个女子的坚韧性格,在八年级的时候,她开始断然拒绝食用动
物肉。可鱼类和奶制品是他所在的曼普尔邦居民的传统食品。过了一些年,她开始每周
四自行绝食。高中没毕业沙米拉就辍学了,打一些零工。上世纪90年代末,她开始参加
一些人权集会。
2000年11月,曼普尔邦首府英帕尔,正当一辆军车路过的时候,一枚路边炸弹突然
爆炸。没有人受伤,但该汽车所属的部队士兵退回来开枪射杀了周围的10名平民,包括
几名十几岁的学生和一名62岁的老妇。这些受害者当时站在事发地附近的公交车站。军
方后来给出的说法是这些士兵是出于自我防卫而开的枪,但是法院的调查没有找到任何
支持的证据。而《特别武装力量法》免除了对这些士兵的所有指控。
两天后,在得到母亲同意后,28岁的沙米拉悄悄地开始了绝食行动。消息传开后,
当局逮捕了她。
11年来,沙米拉拒绝饮食,也从不洗头发或剪指甲,形容枯槁。她停了经。每天的
生活就是用棉球清理牙齿,练习瑜伽,在过道里散步,读书,写点东西。
亲人们对她的固执的原因看法不一。有些人认为她继承了祖母固执的性格,有人说
是因为她的胎盘没有按传统埋在出生地附近,也有人觉得她喝多了陌生人的奶让她变得
更加“博爱”——母亲停止分泌乳汁后,她一直喝其他人的奶水。
就在这些林林总总的事情发生时,沙米拉的母亲只能待在家里,等着,她担心女儿
或许没多少时间了。
“沙米拉告诉我要坚强,”她说,“可我是一个母亲,我和天底下的母亲一样担心
自己的孩子。” | q******g 发帖数: 3858 | 2 http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/04/world/la-fg-india-hunge
In India, love tests world's longest hunger strike
COLUMN ONE
Irom Sharmila vows to keep up her fast, now in its 11th year, to protest a
law granting legal immunity to India's armed forces. But Irom, who has a
suitor, also dreams of a normal life, and love.
Supporters tend to Irom Sharmila in New Delhi in 2006. Irom, whose
hunger strike is now in its 11th year, is protesting legal immunity for
Indian troops.
Supporters tend to Irom Sharmila in New Delhi in 2006. Irom, whose hunger…
(Gurinder Osan, Associated Press)
November 04, 2011|By Mark Magnier, Los Angeles Times
Reporting from Imphal, India — Irom Sharmila's mother has a simple dream:
sitting down to a meal with her daughter.
Irom hasn't willingly ingested food or water for 11 years, in protest of a
law granting legal immunity to the armed forces for human rights abuses. As
the anniversary of her hunger strike nears, her mother imagines what might
be. | q******g 发帖数: 3858 | 3 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/manipu
IMPHAL: The indefinite economic blockade in Manipur entered its 100th day on
Tuesday with no signs that the government was making an effort to break the
deadlock and an equally insensitive leadership enforcing the strike and
holding the common people to ransom.
The turf war between the Nagas and the Kukis has pushed the majority of
Manipur's 2.7 million people into an unprecedented crisis with the
landlocked state depending on supplies from outside the region. Trucks from
the rest of India carrying essentials pass through the tribal inhabited
areas.
"Don't blame the Nagas now for this deadlock. We want the people of Manipur
to come out and question the government about the issue," said S. Milan,
leader of the United Naga Council (UNC).
The UNC is spearheading the blockade on the two National Highways since Aug
21 to counter the economic blockade launched by the Sadar Hills District
Demand Committee (SHDDC) on Aug 1 demanding conversion of the Kuki tribal
majority Sadar Hills area into a full-fledged district.
The SHDDC lifted the blockade last week after the state government agreed to
their demand of creating a district, a move opposed by the Nagas.
The battle between the two warring tribal groups has led to the people of
Manipur suffering for the 100th day with no signs of an end to the hardship,
turning the state into a lawless region - a state literally on the throes
of a complete breakdown.
Such has been the impact that hospitals were Tuesday running out of oxygen
cylinders and life saving drugs, while stocks of all essentials, baby food
and petroleum products, were almost drying up.
During the blockade - which some say is the longest in Indian history - four
people have been killed, 10 government buildings burnt and residents have
faced extensive shortages of fuel, food and medicine.
"It's a shame that the government is doing nothing, while the leadership of
the two agitating groups also need to be condemned for holding the commoners
to ransom," said Anita Devi, a civil rights campaigner.
It's near anarchy, with people forced to buy a litre of petrol for Rs.200,
while a cooking gas cylinder was being sold at Rs.2,000 and a kilogram of
potato at Rs.40.
There was a ray of hope when the SHDDC last week announced lifting of the
blockade following a written assurance from the state government agreeing to
concede to their demand of creating a new hill district.
But the Naga groups led by the UNC were adamant on their stand and continued
with their agitation.
The common people are getting restive by the day.
Home Minister P.C. Chidambaram made a two-day visit to Manipur last week -
but his mission failed with his assurance failing to cut much ice among the
Naga groups.
Manipur has a long history of economic blockades - mostly between the Nagas
and the Kukis and the Nagas and the majority Meiteis.
Given the deep tribal, geographical and historical divisions in Manipur,
however, few expect it to end there.
The increasingly worrying gulf between the Nagas and the Kukis is unlikely
to end. But the big question is who is responsible for this mess in Manipur?
And the answer: a meek government incapable of handling situations, thereby
allowing the state to drift into anarchy like situation and an equally
insensitive tribal leadership for holding the public to ransom.
Check out Brand Equity's Most Trusted Brands List 2011 | d***y 发帖数: 8536 | 4 三哥这个牛啊,部队随便就能开枪杀人。有些时候都省得抓人了,让部队直接突突完事
。 | q******g 发帖数: 3858 | 5 印度也不是铁板一块,自己的民族矛盾一大堆,还老是插手西藏。 |
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