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发帖数: 22064 | 1 （记者何雅婷综合报导）近日，一名在美访问学者在美国报纸上发文讨论令完成的处境
，及其可能遭遇的危险。文章拿当年获得英国庇护的俄罗斯特务利特维年科（
Alexander Litvinenko）最终被毒杀的下场为例，指令完成有可能重蹈利特维年科的覆
辙。
近日，美国史丹福大学胡佛学院访问学者Markos Kounalakis在加州萨克拉门托一份报
纸撰文称，任何国家都不会容忍叛国的行为，就算逃到天涯海角也没有一处是叛徒的安
身之所。
文章指出，令完成的哥哥令计划一度是中共中央办公厅的主任，对中共高层内部的运作
了如指掌。而逃往美国的令完成被指夹带了大批中国国家机密资料出逃，因此捉拿令完
成已经成为在美中共特务的「最重要目标」。
此前《华尔街日报》有报导称，令完成曾经与美国官员有所接触，但目前下落不明。
该报导称，美国土安全部目前对令完成一事较为谨慎，不愿透露对简．王的调查是否是
为了锁定令完成的位置，也不愿意透露令完成是否向美国申请了政治庇护，更不愿透露
美方是否接受申请，只是表示，对具体的案件不发表评论。美国中央情报局也不愿评论
。不过，「美方要求匿名的高级官员透露，令完成去年夏天曾与美方接触」。
Kounalakis据此在文中分析说，中共的特务恐怕早已在Loomis镇翻去覆来的搜了好几遍
了，一旦令完成落到中国特务的手上，他有可能成为第二个利特维年科。
Kounalakis以俄罗斯特务利特维年科的下场为例子，来形容令完成目前的处境。
文章写道：「利特维年科2000年逃到伦敦，并声称知道一宗涉及国家的行刺阴谋，英国
遂给予他政治庇护，而他也把他所知道一切，向英国情报机关和盘托出，其后又出版两
本书批评普京政府。但有一天，俄国的特务终于找上了他，并静悄悄地塞了一丁点儿辐
射性极强的‘钋210’元素在他的饮品里面，在2006年11月不治身亡。」
据公开的资讯，亚历山大．瓦尔杰洛维奇．利特维年科是前苏联克格勃上校，原俄罗斯
联邦安全局（以下简称FSB）中校。1988年，利特维年科加入克格勃，负责反间谍等工
作。1991年加入俄联邦安全局，进行反恐及有组织罪案渗透工作，期间曾参与莫斯科罪
案调查局（MUR）的灭罪行动，获得MUR的嘉许。至1997年，利特维年科被委派往俄联邦
安全局的最秘密部门，从事有组织罪案分析工作。
2000年利特维年科离开俄罗斯前往英国，成功获得了英国政府的政治庇护。其后，他曾
出版两本书批评普京政府。2006年10月利特维年科加入英籍，获得英国公民身份后，开
始为英国军情六处工作。死前的那段时间他正同一些西班牙特工调查俄国黑手党问题。
2006年11月1日，利特维年科突感不适送院，最终于11月23日不治身亡，体内被验出高
浓度剧毒金属钋。
2007年5月底，英国检查机关指控俄罗斯商人安德烈．卢戈沃伊涉嫌毒杀利特维年科，
并要求俄方将其引渡到英国。7月5日，俄罗斯总检察院发表公告，否认同利特维年科案
件有任何关联，并拒绝引渡主要嫌疑人卢戈沃到英国作证。
今年7月底，代表利特维年科家人的律师本．爱默生向媒体披露说，在英国调查俄罗斯
前间谍利特维年科死因的调查中发现，利特维年科2006年在伦敦会见考夫顿和卢戈沃依
时，喝下含有放射性元素鈈的茶而中毒身亡，「毫无疑问俄罗斯国家对此案负有责任」。
本．爱默生指称说，克里姆林宫希望利特维年科死于非命，并且提供了杀死他的毒药。
http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article31596590.
From living in Loomis to hiding from Chinese agents
Missing Ling Wancheng a test case for U.S.-Chinese relations
Ling had high-level access to China’s party, state and business interests
Case may show how China’s intelligence agents operate inside U.S. territory
By Markos Kounalakis
China has a long and storied relationship with Sacramento. After all, the
first all-Chinese rural settlement in the United States was in nearby Locke.
Better known today for “Al the Wop’s” biker bar, Locke was once a river
town made up entirely of Chinese Gold Rush-era immigrants. Racism and
restriction forced the local “coolies” to move from panning and mining to
laying rails and building the levees that still service and save Sacramento.
Markos Kounalakis Amanda Jones
Sacramento now offers Chinese immigrants new opportunities, freedom and the
solitude promised by a secure and increasingly multicultural American
society.
That promise might be empty, however, for some rich, powerful and possibly
dodgy new arrivals from the People’s Republic of China who threaten to hide
and speak state secrets to U.S. authorities and journalists. For them, a
Sacramento safe haven may not be beyond the increasingly global reach of
China’s long arm.
One recent arrival, Ling Wancheng, spent much of last year living up the
road in Loomis, sporting an alias, but hiding in plain sight from Chinese
agents reported to be operating covertly inside U.S. borders. Who is Ling
Wancheng, a man with a decent golf handicap and, according to neighbors, a
fine and friendly demeanor?
He is a former Xinhua China news agency executive and brother to formerly
high-ranking official who is now under investigation. Last month, Ling’s
brother, previously chief of staff to China’s former President Hu Jintao,
was kicked out of China’s ruling Communist Party and stands accused of
bribery, acquiring state secrets and adultery.
With his high level of access and insight into China’s party, state and
business and media structures, Ling is someone the Chinese fear could ask
for American asylum and spill the beans on some of China’s most guarded
secrets.
On the loose and living large, Ling of Loomis is perhaps China’s most
wanted Chinese national in America today.
As a result, Chinese agents are suspected of keying on the Sacramento region
, looking for leads in their pursuit of the now missing Ling.
Nations often go after rogue asylum seekers or fugitive nationals abroad, as
exemplified by the Soviets during the Cold War. While the practice is time-
honored, what seems new is a rising China’s recent entry into this dark
practice of pursuit … on American soil.
Modern China may be new at this game, but they are not alone. States large
and small often seek revenge and make a point to others that gross or
treasonous transgressions will not be tolerated. The message being sent is
clear: Not even the ends of the Earth are far enough to feel secure.
An extreme post-Soviet example is Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian
intelligence officer who fled to London after claiming he knew about a state
-ordered assassination plot. The United Kingdom gave him political asylum,
and he collaborated with British intelligence services until one day he was
tracked down and slipped a mickey of radioactive Polonium 210. Litvinenko is
a contemporary reminder that Russian defectors die, practices persist, and
official foreign inquiries into suspicious activities rarely end
conclusively.
States prefer preventive measures to the higher risk practice of operating
in the shadows overseas. Countries try to keep high value or wayward
individuals home, often stopping nationals at the border or in airports
before they leave. America and its allies actively head off citizens
planning to join Islamic State.
Actions against Americans overseas, however, get legally murky and
practically messy, though the less powerful the state, the more options for
action. As fans of the TV series “Homeland” will tell you, treading with
impunity on the sovereign soil of a great power is asking for trouble.
Running roughshod inside a failed state, however, is a lot easier, and
ungoverned territory can become a free-fire zone.
America’s recent history of rendition and even drone killing of U.S.
nationals abroad raises legitimate domestic constitutional questions and
challenges other states’ sovereignty, but there is not much that aggrieved
countries can do about it. It was a lot easier – both practically and
within international law – for the U.S. to get the drop on Anwar al-Awlaki
in Yemen, for instance, than to spirit away Edward Snowden from a Moscow
suburb.
Overseas intelligence and operational activities often take place in the
context of war or circumstances otherwise outside the boundaries of legal
stricture. What makes U.S. society unique in this field is that its
representative leadership and demanding citizenry always – if not always
immediately – use their democratic institutions to question if the ends
justify such extrajudicial means. The answer is never an assured “yes.”
With Chinese nationals scouring the United States for signs of Ling’s post-
Loomis life, it is unclear what happens if they find him. Given his high
profile and access in China, a publicized and formal request for American
asylum could cause a significant rift in Sino-American relations. China
might ask for extradition – quietly or loudly – when Xi Jinping comes to
Washington next month on his official state visit, which would create an
uncomfortable atmosphere for scheduled talks with President Barack Obama.
Ling may be a test case of how a maturing China evolves its intelligence
operations inside U.S. territory and what accommodations and adjustments are
made as a result. China is already suspected of significant and
sophisticated cyberspying on America, and the Obama administration has
initiated aggressive accusations and technical countermeasures.
The shadowy world of international intelligence gathering and operations has
clearly touched down in California’s capital. In the 21st century,
Sacramento’s new arrivals no longer come strictly with a pick and shovel.
Some show up with a cloak and dagger.
Markos Kounalakis is a research fellow at Central European University and
visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution. Contact him at markos@stanford.
edu and follow him on Twitter @KounalakisM.
Read more here:
http://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article31596590. |
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